Seguridad de los antipsicoticos en embarazo en pacientes con psicosis. Revisión sistemática


Autoria(s): Pérez Camacho, Angélica Maria
Contribuinte(s)

Vallejo Silva, Alexie

Moron Duarte, Lina Sofia

Data(s)

18/01/2013

Resumo

Enfermedades mentales de tipo psicótico en gestantes se han asociado con mayor número de resultados negativos. Los síntomas psicóticos durante el embarazo se presentan aproximadamente 7.1 por 100.000 casos. Dentro de las consecuencias se incluye mayor riesgo de parto pretérmino, bajo peso al nacer, alteraciones placentarias, malformaciones congénitas de predominio cardiovascular y mayor tasa de muertes perinatales. Como abordaje terapéutico son frecuentes los antipsicóticos de primera generación, aceptados como seguros pero en menor grado se han considerados los antipsicóticos de segunda generación pues ha sido escasamente evaluada su seguridad durante la gestación. Aún existe controversia sobre los potenciales efectos secundarios de algunos antipsicóticos dado los resultados contradictorios. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos que proporcionaron mejor evidencia para determinar cuáles antipsicóticos de elección durante la gestación en pacientes con esquizofrenia de acuerdo a su perfil de seguridad. Se evaluó calidad metodológica reconociendo particularidades y resultados de los estudios incluidos. Resultados: De 39 estudios seleccionados, cinco fueron incluidos en esta revisión, clasificándose como nivel de evidencia IIa y evaluados según su calidad metodológica con escala NOS. Se evaluó paso placentario de antipsicóticos, malformaciones fetales, complicaciones obstétricas como parto pretérmino, bajo y alto peso fetal, complicaciones respiratorias, diabetes gestacional, aborto espontáneo, entre otros. Discusión: Se debe sopesar el riesgo-beneficio, la significancia estadística, la significancia clínica y las particularidades de las pacientes a tratar. Conclusión: Los estudios analizados evaluaron diferentes medicamentos antipsicóticos, dificultando consolidación de información en especial en conclusiones solidas ante algunas premisas como fármacos de elección.

: Mental illness in pregnant psychosis has been associated with more negative outcomes. Psychotic symptoms in pregnancy are approximately 7.1 per 100,000 cases. Among the consequences include increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, placental abnormalities, cardiovascular malformations and higher prevalence rate of perinatal deaths. As frequent therapeutic approach are first generation antipsychotics, accepted as safe but to a lesser extent have considered second-generation antipsychotics has been poorly evaluated for their safety during pregnancy. There is still controversy about the potential side effects of some antipsychotics given conflicting results. Methods: A systematic literature review of articles that provide better evidence to determine which antipsychotics of choice during pregnancy in patients with schizophrenia according to its safety profile. Were assessed methodological quality and special recognition results of the included studies. Results: To 39 studies selected, five were included in this review, ranking as evidence level IIa and assessed methodological quality NOS segment. Were assessed antipsychotic placental, fetal malformations, obstetric complications such as preterm delivery, low and high fetal weight, respiratory complications, gestational diabetes, spontaneous abortion, among others. Discussion: They must weigh the risk-benefit analysis, the statistical significance, the clinical significance and characteristics of the patients treated. Conclusion: The analyzed studies evaluated different antipsychotic medications, making consolidation of information especially on sound conclusions to some premises as drugs of choice.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/4153

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Facultad de Medicina

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

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TEME 0120 2012

Palavras-Chave #COMPLICACIONES DEL EMBARAZO - TRATAMIENTO CON DROGAS #DROGAS ANTIPSICOTICAS - ADMINISTRACIÓN Y DOSIFICACIÓN #ENFERMEDADES MENTALES - DIAGNÓSTICO #ENFERMEDADES MENTALES - TRATAMIENTO CON DROGAS #ESQUIZOFRENIA - DIAGNÓSTICO #antipsychotics #Pregnancy #Schizophrenia #Psychosis
Tipo

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