Mortalidad por trauma cardiaco penetrante en un hospital de Bogotá, Colombia : análisis de factores asociados


Autoria(s): Bolívar Saenz, Dinimo José; Isaza Restrepo, Andrés; Tarazona, Marcos Manuel; Tovar, Rafael; Jiménez, María Fernanda; Gil Laverde, Fabian Armando
Contribuinte(s)

Isaza-Restrepo, Andres

Data(s)

25/07/2012

Resumo

Objetivó: Caracterizar los pacientes con heridas cardiacas penetrantes grado II a VI, describir las características del trauma, tratamiento quirúrgico, evolución clínica e identificar los factores asociados a un desenlace. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio de asociación en 308 pacientes que ingresaron a cirugía con diagnóstico de herida penetrante de corazón entre enero de 1999 y octubre de 2009. Se excluyeron 68 casos. La serie analizada incluyó 240 pacientes con heridas cardiacas. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas, quirúrgicas y de evolución, tabulados en EXCEL® y analizados en SPSS 20®. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue 27.8 años, principalmente hombres (96%), lesiones por arma cortopunzante 93% y un 7% por proyectil arma de fuego. El estado hemodinámico al ingreso (según Ivatury) fue normal 44%; Shock profundo 34%; Agónicos 18% y 3% fatales. El 67% (n=161) presentaron taponamiento cardiaco. Los grados de lesión cardiaca según la clasificación OIS-AAST fueron: grado II 33%, grado III 13%, grado IV 29%, grado V 22% y grado VI 3%. La ventana pericárdica fue el método diagnóstico confirmatorio de lesión en 63% y las incisiones de abordaje quirúrgico fueron la esternotomía 63% y la toracotomía anterolateral 35%. La mortalidad fue 15% (n=36). Las diferencias en mortalidad entre el estado hemodinámico al inicio de cirugía, mecanismo de lesión y grado de herida, demostraron ser estadísticamente significativas (valor de p<0.001). Conclusiones: El estado hemodinámico y las heridas por arma de fuego son factores asociados a mortalidad. La ventana pericárdica subxifoidea favorece la preferencia y buenos resultados de la esternotomía como vía de abordaje quirúrgico.

Objective: To characterize patients with penetrating cardiac injury grade II to VI describe the characteristics of trauma, surgical treatment, clinical outcome and identify factors associated with otcome. Methodology: We performed an association study in 308 patients admitted to surgery with a diagnosis of penetrating heart injury between January 1999 and October 2009. 68 cases were excluded. The series analyzed included 240 patients with cardiac wounds. We analyzed demographic, clinical, surgical and evolution, tabulated in Excel ® and analyzed in SPSS 20 ®. Results: Mean age was 27.8 years, mainly men (96%), sharp weapon injuries by 93% and 7% for projectile gun. The hemodynamic status at admission (according Ivatury) was normal 44%; Shock 34%; deep agonizing 18% and 3% fatal. 67% (n = 161) had cardiac tamponade. The degrees of cardiac injury as classified by OIS-AAST were 33% grade II, grade III 13%, grade IV 29%, 22% grade V and grade VI 3%. The pericardial window was the confirmatory method of injury in 63% and surgical incisions were 63% sternotomy and anterolateral thoracotomy 35%. Mortality was 15% (n=36). The differences in mortality between the hemodynamic status at the start of surgery, mechanism of injury and degree of injury, proved to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: The hemodynamic status and gunshot wounds are factors associated with mortality. The subxifoidea pericardial window favors the choice and success of the sternotomy as surgical approach.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/3721

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Facultad de Medicina

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Fonte

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

instname:Universidad del Rosario

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TEME 0070 2012

Palavras-Chave #TRAUMATISMOS CARDIACOS #ENFERMEDADES CARDIACAS #CARDIOLOGIA - INVESTIGACIONES #MEDICINA INTERNA #Cardiac injury #Tamponade #Penetrating wound
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion