Procréation assistée et filiation : enjeux et solutions en Suisse et au Québec


Autoria(s): Schorno, Deborah Anna
Contribuinte(s)

Knoppers, Bartha Maria

Data(s)

27/06/2008

27/06/2008

01/06/2007

01/03/2007

Resumo

En janvier 2007, à 28 ans, Louise Brown est devenue maman. Trente ans, c'est le temps qu'il faut à une génération pour se renouveler. C'est aussi le temps, si bref à l'échelle de l'histoire, pour que les bouleversements induits par la science et les moeurs au ~e siècle modifient profondément le visage de la famille et de son ciment le plus intime, la filiation. Ce travail rend compte de la manière dont le droit appréhende ces changements dans des sociétés occidentales de plus en plus tiraillées entre leurs racines judéo-chrétiennes et leurs aspirations technologiques. Il cherche à comprendre la place du droit dans les nouveaux édifices familiaux et à évaluer la qualité des solutions que celui-ci propose face aux enjeux multiples et complexes de la procréation assistée. Il s'attache pour ce faire à l'examen de deux juridictions partageant un héritage commun à bien des égards, mais suivant des voies normatives différentes : la Suisse et le Québec. À ce titre, il définit des outils conceptuels nécessaires à la compréhension de la notion de filiation; il rend compte de la façon dont le droit a manipulé ces outils en régissant l'établissement de la filiation, la preuve de la filiation et la procréation assistée à proprement parler; et il conclut par une évaluation critique des solutions envisagées dans les deux systèmes étudiés. Il met ainsi en exergue les enjeux de la procréation assistée pour le droit de la filiation et la grande palette de solutions législatives envisageables. Il démontre que deux systèmes de droit peuvent traduire des préoccupations partagées par des dispositions diamétralement opposées. En particulier, l'égalité, la liberté et le bien de l'enfant se concrétisent selon des conceptions distinctes. L'attachement aux institutions se manifeste à des degrés variables. Les innovations scientifiques sont accueillies avec un enthousiasme plus ou moins soutenu. Tous ces facteurs sont les détenninants des familles suisse et québécoise, qui, pour s'être longtemps ressemblées, prennent aujourd'hui des chemins différents...mais pas irrémédiablement irréconciliables.

In January 2007, at the age of 28 years, Louise Brown became a mother. Thirty years is the necessary time for a new generation to bloom. It is a short period on the scale of human history, but it was enough to provoke the huge changes induced by science and manner evolutions during the XXth century and deeply modify the face of the family and its most intimate cement: the filial status. This work presents the way in which Law apprehends these changes in Westem societies that are increasingly tom between their Judeo-Christians roots and their technological aspirations. It seeks to understand the place of Law in new family structures and to evaluate the quality of the solutions that Law proposes to take the multiple and complex risks of assisted procreation into account. With this intention, it sticks to the examination of two places sharing a common heritage to many regards, but having different normative ways: Switzerland and Quebec. To do so, it defines conceptual tools that are necessary for the very meaning offilial status to be understood. It accounts for the way in which Law handles these tools by goveming the establishment of the filial status and its proof as weIl as assisted procreation. It concludes by a critical evaluation of the solutions under consideration in the two systems studied. It thus highlights the risks of assisted procreation for Law and the large pallet of possible legislative solutions. It shows that two systems can translate shared concems into diametrically opposite norms. In particular, equality, freedom and the best interest of the child are principles concretized according to distinct designs. The attachment to the institutions appears with variable degrees. The scientific innovations are accommodated with a more or less constant enthusiasm. All these factors have an important impact on families in Switzerland and in Quebec: after being similar for a long time, today they follow different paths... but these might not be irremediably irreconcilable.

In January 2007, at the age of 28 years, Louise Brown became a mother. Thirty years is the necessary time for a new generation to bloom. It is a short period on the scale of human history, but it was enough to provoke the huge changes induced by science and manner evolutions during the XXth century and deeply modify the face of the family and its most intimate cement: the filial status. This work presents the way in which Law apprehends these changes in Westem societies that are increasingly tom between their Judeo-Christians roots and their technological aspirations. It seeks to understand the place of Law in new family structures and to evaluate the quality of the solutions that Law proposes to take the multiple and complex risks of assisted procreation into account. With this intention, it sticks to the examination of two places sharing a common heritage to many regards, but having different normative ways: Switzerland and Quebec. To do so, it defines conceptual tools that are necessary for the very meaning offilial status to be understood. It accounts for the way in which Law handles these tools by goveming the establishment of the filial status and its proof as weIl as assisted procreation. It concludes by a critical evaluation of the solutions under consideration in the two systems studied. It thus highlights the risks of assisted procreation for Law and the large pallet of possible legislative solutions. It shows that two systems can translate shared concems into diametrically opposite norms. In particular, equality, freedom and the best interest of the child are principles concretized according to distinct designs. The attachment to the institutions appears with variable degrees. The scientific innovations are accommodated with a more or less constant enthusiasm. All these factors have an important impact on families in Switzerland and in Quebec: after being similar for a long time, today they follow different paths... but these might not be irremediably irreconcilable.

Formato

7248727 bytes

application/pdf

Identificador

Schorno, Deborah Anna. 2007. Procréation assistée et filiation : enjeux et solutions en Suisse et au Québec. Mémoire de maîtrise. Montréal : Faculté de Droit, Université de Montréal.

http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2393

Idioma(s)

fr

Palavras-Chave #Procréation assistée #Famille #Filiation #Enfant #Homosexualité #Assisted procreation #Family #Filial status #Child #Homosexuality
Tipo

Thèse ou Mémoire numérique / Electronic Thesis or Dissertation