Modification of Fluorescent Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) Sensors/Switches To Produce Molecular Photo-Ionic Triode Action

The fluorophore-spacer<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">1</sub>-receptor<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">1</sub>-spacer<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2</sub>-receptor<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2</sub> system (where receptor<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2</sub> alone is photoredox-inactive) shows ionically tunable proton-induced fluorescence off-on switching, which is reminiscent of thermionic triode behavior. This also represents a new extension to modular switch systems based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) towards the emulation of analogue electronic devices.