Inscribir el declive en el tiempo. Detroit: Auge y crisis de la ciudad industrial


Autoria(s): Fernández Águeda, Beatriz; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Data(s)

05/11/2015

Resumo

A comienzos del siglo XX, Detroit era una ciudad dinámica en pleno desarrollo. Pronto se convirtió en la cuarta ciudad de Estados Unidos, la capital de la naciente industria automovilística. El crecimiento se prolongó hasta finales de los años 50, cuando, a pesar del auge económico de Estados Unidos y de su área metropolitana, Detroit comenzó a mostrar los primeros signos de estancamiento. La crisis se ha prolongado hasta hoy, cuando Detroit constituye el paradigma de la ciudad industrial en declive. Estas dos imágenes contrapuestas, el auge y la crisis, no parecen explicar por sí mismas las causas de la intensidad y persistencia del declive de Detroit. Analizar las interacciones entre crecimiento económico, políticas públicas locales y desarrollo urbano a lo largo del tiempo permitirá subrayar las continuidades y comprender en qué medida el declive de Detroit ancla sus raíces en el modelo planteado durante la etapa de auge.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Detroit was a dynamic rising city. It was the fourth largest city in the United States, the capital of the automobile industry. City’s growth lasted till the 1950s, when the first signs of stagnation appeared despite the economic boom of the country and its metropolitan area. This crisis persists until today, when Detroit has become the symbol of industrial cities in decay. These two divergent images (boom and crisis) seem unable to explain by themselves the intensity and persistence of Detroit’s decline. Cross-analysis of the interactions between economic growth, public policies and urban transformations on the long term will emphasize the continuities in urban development. It will also allow comprehending the effects of growth process on subsequent decline.

Dans le début du XXe siècle, Detroit était une ville animée en plein essor. Bientôt, il est devenu la quatrième ville des États-Unis, la capitale de l'industrie automobile naissante. La croissance a continué jusqu'à la fin des années 50, lorsque, malgré le boom économique aux États-Unis et sa région métropolitaine, Detroit a commencé à montrer les premiers signes de stagnation. La crise a duré jusqu'à aujourd'hui, où Detroit est le paradigme de la ville industrielle en déclin. Ces deux images contrastées, le boom et la crise ne semblent pas eux-mêmes expliquer les causes de l'intensité et la persistance de la baisse de Detroit. Analyser les interactions entre la croissance économique, les politiques publiques locales et le développement urbain dans le temps permettent de souligner les continuités et de comprendre dans quelle mesure la baisse de Detroit ancre ses racines dans le modèle proposé au cours de la phase d'expansion.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/AGUC/article/view/50115

10.5209/rev_AGUC.2015.v35.n2.50115

Publicador

Ediciones Complutense

Relação

http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/AGUC/article/view/50115/46577

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Fonte

Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense; Vol 35, No 2 (2015); 65-96

Palavras-Chave #Declive; urbanismo; ciudad industrial; historia urbana. #Decline; urban planning; industrial city; urban history. #Déclin; urbanisme; ville industrielle; l'histoire urbaine.
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