Impact of Early Postnatal Androgen Exposure on Voice Development

Background: the impact of early postnatal androgen exposure on female laryngeal tissue may depend on certain characteristics of this exposure. We assessed the impact of the dose, duration, and timing of early androgen exposure on the vocal development of female subjects who had been treated for adrenocortical tumor (ACT) in childhood.Methods: the long-term effects of androgen exposure on the fundamental vocal frequency (F0), vocal pitch, and final height and the presence of virilizing signs were examined in 9 adult (age, 18.4 to 33.5 years) and 10 adolescent (13.6 to 17.8 years) female ACT patients. We also compared the current values with values obtained 0.9 years to 7.4 years after these subjects had undergone ACT surgery, a period during which they had shown normal androgen levels.Results: of the 19 subjects, 17 (89%) had been diagnosed with ACT before 4 years of age, 1 (5%) at 8.16 years, and 1 (5%) at 10.75 years. Androgen exposure (2 to 30 months) was sufficiently strong to cause pubic hair growth in all subjects and clitoromegaly in 74% (14/19) of the subjects, but did not reduce their height from the target value. Although androgen exposure induced a remarkable reduction in F0 (132 Hz) and moderate pitch virilization in 1 subject and partial F0 virilization, resulting in F0 of 165 and 169 Hz, in 2 subjects, the majority had normal F0 ranging from 189 to 245 Hz.Conclusions: Female laryngeal tissue is less sensitive to androgen exposure between birth and adrenarche than during other periods. Differential larynx sensitivity to androgen exposure in childhood and F0 irreversibility in adulthood are age-, concentration-, duration-, and timing-dependent events that may also be affected by exposure to inhibitory or stimulatory hormones. Further studies are required to better characterize each of these factors.

Brazilian State of Parana Secretary of Science, Technology and Higher Education (SETI)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Raul Carneiro Hospital Association for Childhood Protection (AHPIRC)

American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC)

SETI

AHPIRC

ALSAC

Inst Pesquisa Pele Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Hosp Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Fac Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Inst Voz Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fonoaudiol, São Paulo, Brazil

Clin Voz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Irmandade Santa Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Univ Fed Parana, Dept Saude Comunitaria, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fonoaudiol, São Paulo, Brazil

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