吸水链霉菌、放线菌Sp.253和金色毛壳菌的次生代谢产物研究

链霉菌是十分重要的一类放线菌，绝大多数的抗生素都由该类细菌产生。毛壳属真菌是一类重要的丝状真菌，从中也发现有很多结构新颖、活性独特的活性物质。因此本论文对两株链霉菌的活性成分及一株金毛壳菌的次生代谢产物进行了研究。 1．从吸水链霉菌（Streptomyces hygroscopicus 1.358）液态发酵产物（乙酸乙酯提取物）中分离得到3个化合物，通过波谱方法鉴定为RK955A (1)、Nigericin（2）、Elaiophylin（3）。以青霉素耐药-金黄色葡萄球菌作为指示菌的抗菌活性测定表明，三者均具有较强抗菌活性。 2．通过抗肿瘤体外活性筛选模型筛选得到得到一株链霉属土壤放线菌，从中分离得到六个化合物：苯乙酰胺（4）、苯丙酰胺（5）、肉桂酰胺（6）、3-（N-（甲酰胺基）乙酰基）吲哚（7）、鸟苷磷酸（8）、鸟苷（9）。 3．从金色毛壳菌（Chaetomium aureus）的固态培养物中分离得到13个化合物，利用波谱方法将其鉴定为：金毛壳菌素A（10）、金毛壳菌素B（11）、Eugenetin（12）、Eugenitol（13）、Chaetoquadrin A（14）、Chaetoquadrin B（15）、Chaetoquadrin G（16）、Chaetoquadrin H（17）、Chaetochromin A（18）、Sterigmatocystin（19）、O-methylsterigmatocystin（20）、3β-羟基-麦角甾-5，7，22-三烯（21）和过氧麦角甾醇（22）。 4．综述了聚醚类抗生素的结构、生物合成、生物活性及作用机理。 The genus Streptomyces (Actinomycetes) is an important group of microbe. Most antibiotics known nowdays are discovered from species of Streptomyces. The fungi of the genus Chaetomium have attracted much attention because various kinds of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities have been found from them. Thus, the bioactive compounds from two strains of Streptomyces and the secondary metabolites of Chaetomium aureus were investigated. 1. Three compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. They are identified to be elaiophylin (1), nigericin (2), and antibiotic RK955A (3) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 possess antibacterial activities against Staphyloccocus aureus. 2. It was found that the extract of the fermented broth of a strain of Actinomycetes could inhibit some tumor cel lines. Separation of the bioactive fraction led to the isolation of six compounds. They were characterized to be phenylacetamide (4), phenylpropylamide (5), trans-cinnamamide (6), 3- (N- (formylmethyl) acetamide) indole (7), guanylicacid (8), and guanosine (9). 3. From the fermented broth of Chaetomium aureus, 13 compounds were isolated for the first time. They were determined to be chaetomiumycin A (10), chaetomiumycin B (11), eugenetin (12), eugenitol (13), chaetoquadrin A (14), chaetoquadrin B (15), chaetoquadrin G (16), chaetoquadrin H (17), chaetochromin A (18), sterigmatocystin (19), O-methylsterigmatocystin (20), 3β-hydroxyergosta-5, 7, 22-triene (21) and peroxy-ergosterol (22). Compounds 10 and 11 are new ones. 4. Structure, biosynthesis, biological activity, and mechanisms of polyether antibiotics were reviewed.